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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful Violators could face at least $5,000 per offense, plus punitive damages for willful misuse. Tomás Mier, Rolling Stone, 21 May 2025 Such statements reveal a willful disregard of the truth of what actually happened and due process, not to mention basic capitalization rules. Krista Kafer, Denver Post, 10 May 2025 In 2019, a new state law halted willful defiance suspensions in public schools for the fourth and fifth grade, and banned them in sixth through eighth grade for a half-decade. Daniel Miller, Los Angeles Times, 1 May 2025 Baldwin feels that such a response in the face of violence has to be a posture, an outright lie or a willful evasiveness. Andrew Moore, New York Times, 15 May 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • These two regions are no longer promising New World upstarts or rebellious outposts of Bordeaux.
    Jessica Dupuy, Forbes.com, 21 May 2025
  • Meanwhile, Paul finds himself in a work crisis that puts the lifestyle of Julie and their rebellious son Russ (Simon Webster) in jeopardy, leading Julie back to the dopey sweetness of Carey.
    Esther Zuckerman, IndieWire, 19 May 2025
Adjective
  • His uncontrollable emotions led to misbehavior at Liberty High School, and Charles was moved to the Department of Youth Services in a residential treatment program to correct his behavior.
    PJ Green, Kansas City Star, 31 May 2025
  • Rap is banned in Iran due to its critical content, its uncontrollable means of distribution, and its direct opposition to the regime’s official values, including the rejection of religious and ideological themes.
    Ali Farahmand, IndieWire, 23 May 2025
Adjective
  • Richard was known for being outspoken, if not arrogant, consistently rubbing his Tagi tribe the wrong way and offending some of them with his blatant display of nudity on the island.
    Nick Caruso, TVLine, 27 May 2025
  • Multiple people described him to me as unpopular and arrogant.
    Amanda Chicago Lewis, Harpers Magazine, 29 Apr. 2025
Adjective
  • Cannes got its own cliff-hanger ending on Saturday, the final day of the 78th film festival, when a power outage, apparently caused by deliberate sabotage, shut down the power grid serving the city and much of the surrounding region.
    Scott Roxborough, HollywoodReporter, 24 May 2025
  • The most effective tech leaders develop broad expertise through deliberate exploration and interactions.
    Dennis Kozak, Forbes.com, 23 May 2025
Adjective
  • Still, the stubborn media silence continued unabated.
    Nate Rogers, Vulture, 22 May 2025
  • United needed to play perfect football to unlock a stubborn defence, but struggled to push past competency.
    Carl Anka, New York Times, 22 May 2025
Adjective
  • Bowser’s shifting response on immigration matters is one of a number of ways the mayor, a leading figure in the Democratic resistance during Trump’s first term, is now striking a less defiant tone.
    Catherine E. Shoichet, CNN Money, 28 May 2025
  • Moxley took out Nightingale to massive heat, and Omega hit a snap-dragon suplex on a defiant Marina Shafir.
    Alfred Konuwa, Forbes.com, 26 May 2025
Adjective
  • Known for his bold and opinionated nature, his silence raised eyebrows and fueled speculation.
    Devlina Sarkar, MSNBC Newsweek, 23 May 2025
  • My mom was funny, opinionated and unapologetically herself.
    Erica Reitman, People.com, 10 May 2025
Adjective
  • Businesses now live in fear of retroactive rulings, arbitrary penalties and endless audits.
    Steve Forbes, Forbes.com, 29 May 2025
  • The risks include wrongful detention, torture in detention, terrorism, kidnapping, arbitrary enforcement of local laws, crime, civil unrest, and poor health infrastructure.
    Nick Butler, FOXNews.com, 27 May 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 5 Jun. 2025.

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