capitulate

verb

ca·​pit·​u·​late kə-ˈpi-chə-ˌlāt How to pronounce capitulate (audio)
capitulated; capitulating

intransitive verb

1
a
: to surrender often after negotiation of terms
The enemy was forced to capitulate unconditionally.
b
: to cease resisting : acquiesce
The company capitulated to the labor union to avoid a strike.
2
archaic : parley, negotiate

Did you know?

We hope you’ll acquiesce to some history about capitulate because we can’t resist. When it first entered English in the 16th century, capitulate meant “to discuss terms with an enemy; to negotiate.” Its Latin source is more bookshelf than battlefield: the Medieval Latin word capitulare means “to distinguish [text] by chapters or headings,” as well as “to stipulate in an agreement.” The original “negotiate” sense of capitulate is now rarely heard, and today capitulate typically stresses surrender, whether to agreed-upon terms or in hopelessness before an irresistible opposing force (as in “team owners capitulated to the demands of the players’ union”).

Choose the Right Synonym for capitulate

yield, submit, capitulate, succumb, relent, defer mean to give way to someone or something that one can no longer resist.

yield may apply to any sort or degree of giving way before force, argument, persuasion, or entreaty.

yields too easily in any argument

submit suggests full surrendering after resistance or conflict to the will or control of another.

a repentant sinner vowing to submit to the will of God

capitulate stresses the fact of ending all resistance and may imply either a coming to terms (as with an adversary) or hopelessness in the face of an irresistible opposing force.

officials capitulated to the protesters' demands

succumb implies weakness and helplessness to the one that gives way or an overwhelming power to the opposing force.

a stage actor succumbing to the lure of Hollywood

relent implies a yielding through pity or mercy by one who holds the upper hand.

finally relented and let the children stay up late

defer implies a voluntary yielding or submitting out of respect or reverence for or deference and affection toward another.

I defer to your expertise in these matters

Examples of capitulate in a Sentence

The country still refuses to capitulate despite its weakening army and dwindling resources. The teacher refused to capitulate: no calculators were to be used during the exam.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Thailand quickly capitulated to Japan's demands at the start of World War II and, by becoming an ally, retained its forces, but swiftly swung into the U.S. camp after the war, thriving as a rear base for anti-communist operations during the war in Vietnam. Dan Perry, Newsweek, 28 Feb. 2025 The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the latest state sports organization to capitulate to President Donald Trump's recent executive order preventing trans athletes from competing in girls' sports. Jackson Thompson, Fox News, 19 Feb. 2025 Various Disney employees are reportedly voicing discontent with the company’s recent decision to seemingly capitulate to President Donald Trump’s attacks on diversity, equity and inclusion programs (DEI). James Factora, Them, 14 Feb. 2025 Doing so would likely generate backlash from CBS journalists and others who would see it as another major media organization capitulating to the president in hopes of currying favor. Gene Maddaus, Variety, 15 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for capitulate

Word History

Etymology

Medieval Latin capitulatus, past participle of capitulare to distinguish by heads or chapters, from Late Latin capitulum — see capitulary

First Known Use

1596, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of capitulate was in 1596

Browse Nearby Words

Podcast

Cite this Entry

“Capitulate.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitulate. Accessed 13 Mar. 2025.

Kids Definition

capitulate

verb
ca·​pit·​u·​late kə-ˈpich-ə-ˌlāt How to pronounce capitulate (audio)
capitulated; capitulating
: to surrender usually on terms agreed upon in advance
capitulation
kə-ˌpich-ə-ˈlā-shən
noun

More from Merriam-Webster on capitulate

Last Updated: - Updated example sentences
Love words? Need even more definitions?

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!